- Hello, scholars.

Welcome to second grade on Read, Write, ROAR.

Today, we are going to read a book about maps, and answer our big questions.

What are the parts of a map, and how can a map help describe where I live?

We're also going to be working with AR, representing the sound R, and have a special visitor.

Scholars, go ahead and get yourself something to write with and something to write on, so that we can get ready to Read, Write, ROAR.

- [Narrator] This program is made possible in part by the Michigan Department of Education, the state of Michigan, and the W.K.

Kellogg Foundation.

Additional support by, and by viewers like you, thank you.

(upbeat music) - Hi, scholars, I'm Mrs. Z-K. And today we are going to be working with a sound, mhm.

Our sound is represented with the letters A-R. Well, let's think about this.

What sound does A usually make?

A.

What sound does R usually make?

R. A, R. Eh, no.

A, R come together to make the sound AR, can you say that?

Say it one time like this, argh (giggles).

That helps me remember it.

AR is known as an R-controlled vowel sound.

Yes, because that R is taking over control of the vowel, and it's making a new sound when they are together.

So when we see A and R together, we're going to hear what sound?

AR, nice job.

Today, I have a special visitor.

Her name is Captain Archy.

Captain Archy has a story to tell you, and in her story, she wants you to see if you can recognize her R words, because she loves using the sound R, because she's a pirate.

Yes, so when you hear her say an R sound in a word, go ahead and make a little pirate move like this.

Hello, maties, I am Captain Archy.

And I've come to tell my story on AR day, correct.

I am a smart pirate.

I want to tell you how I got this scar on my arm.

Yes, it all started when I found this map, the map of the hidden treasure.

And X marked the spot, I knew I had to go.

I went right then and there, and it was dark.

I couldn't even see the stars.

So I decided to catch fireflies, and put them in a jar to give me some light.

I then found the spot marked with a X, so then I grabbed my large shovel, and I began digging.

But to my surprise, I did not find gold and silver bars.

Instead, I just found marbles.

(marbles thudding) So then I was walking back to my ship, of course, with my head down.

And then I seen the most terrifying thing, a shark!

I fell and scraped my arm on a sharp rock, but then I got to get back on my boat, and I got to come and visit you, scholars, for AR day.

So I know today is going to be a great day.

You are getting ready to write your R word letter.

Before we do that, let's go back over the words that you heard in my story that had the AR sound.

Did you hear my name?

Captain Archy.

That was a word.

Smart, scar, arm, started, marked, dark, stars, jar, large, really big, start, bars, didn't find 'em.

Marbles, shark, sharp, and that's it.

Great work, scholars.

Hopefully you were practicing your AR sound with me, and you're gonna make a pretty great pirate.

Okay, scholars, all right, it's time for our word ladder.

You remember a word ladder is where we start at the bottom of a ladder, and we write a word, and then we change or add or delete a sound, and make a brand new word.

And we keep doing that all the way to the top of the ladder.

As we get up higher on the ladder, our words might get a little more challenging.

Something special about our word ladder today is that it's going to be the AR word ladder.

That means that there will be the AR sound in every word.

So when you hear the AR sound, what letters are you going to write down?

You're right, A-R, because A-R represents that sound AR.

All right, scholars, we're gonna go ahead and get started with our first word at the bottom of the ladder.

The first word is tar.

Tar is what people use when they are brushing it on driveways, mhm, black tar.

What sounds do you hear in the word tar?

Okay, go ahead and write it.

You hear T, ar.

Check your work.

Nice job.

This time, we are going to add a sound to the word that we already have, mhm, and it is a star.

Nice job.

All right, tell me what sounds you hear in the word star.

All right, go ahead and write it.

S, T, AR.

Check your work.

We're gonna add another sound.

I know, right?

We're going to add another sound to the word we already have, which is star.

And this word is the opposite of finish, start.

Nice work.

All right, what sounds do you hear in the word start?

Should be four sounds.

If you think you got it, go ahead and write it.

Yeah, our word's gonna look the same, except there's one added sound.

Where's that sound being added at?

Start.

At the end, nice work.

S, T, AR, T. Start, check your work.

You're doing great, scholars.

All right, so we're going to change the beginning sound here.

Right now, we have a blend, S, T, in the word start, but we're going to change that.

And our new word is something teachers use a lot when they make things for the classroom, they use a chart.

Mhm, so we're going to take away the T, and we're going to put a CH sound there, nice job.

Our word is chart.

Say the sounds for me.

Good, okay.

Go ahead and write it.

Do you remember what makes that CH sound?

All right.

CH, AR, T. Chart.

Scholars, go ahead and check your work.

Our next word, we're going to change a sound.

Listen to where the sound is being changed at, the beginning, middle, or end.

Our new word is charm.

You might wear a charm on your bracelet or your necklace, right?

Charm.

What sound is being changed?

We have chart, we're changing it to charm.

The ending sound is being changed, nice job.

Go ahead and say the sounds in charm.

Go ahead and write it.

CH, AR, M. Charm.

I have a little switcharoo for you.

Remember I said, sometimes it gets a little more challenging as you climb up to the top of the ladder?

Mhm, this time we are going to switch the beginning sound, and the ending sound to make a brand new word.

So right now we have CH, arm, but we're going to switch this beginning sound with this ending sound to make a new word.

Hmm, what word is that?

So that means the CH will be at the end, and the M will be at the beginning.

M, AR, CH.

March!

March is one of our months of the year.

What's special about writing the word March?

It's going to need a capital letter.

Okay, what sounds do you hear in March?

Go ahead and write it.

M, AR, CH.

So we could be talking about the month March.

And I know that by the capital letter, or you could be talking about someone who likes to march down the street.

Maybe you're watching a parade, and you see the band marching.

That is our last word, scholars, marching.

Go ahead and try to write the word marching.

Let's say the sounds first.

Okay.

Does marching need a capital M?

No.

Marching is not a proper noun.

If you wrote a capital M, you can fix it now.

Let's check your work.

M, AR, CH, ing.

And I kept ing together, 'cause that's a suffix, ing.

Great work.

What?

Captain Archy wants to come back, and reread the words with you.

Will you reread with me?

Yes.

All right, we have tar, star, start, chart, charm, March, marching.

What great AR words.

Scholars, as you're reading and writing, why don't you see if you can find more AR words.

Remember how to spell them.

What letters are you going to use when you hear the AR sound?

The A and the R together.

Nice work.

(soft music) - Hi, scholars, I'm Mrs. Fuller.

Today, we're gonna be reading the book called "Map Scales", written by Mary Dodson Wade, and read with permission from Scholastic Incorporated.

As we read today, I'd like us to listen for information that'll help us to answer two big questions.

What are the parts of a map?

And as we read, we're gonna put some of those parts of the map over here on our chart.

And our second question, how can a map help me describe where I live?

"Maps help us find our way.

Maps are drawings of places.

This map is a picture of the whole world.

Maps help guide us from place to place."

What do you think the family and the picture is doing?

That's right.

It looks like they're using a map to plan a trip, or to find out where something is.

"What is a map scale?

Sometimes we want to know how far apart places are.

This is why maps have scales."

And we can see the map scale for this map down here in the corner.

"Scales help us measure the distance between places.

The scale can be shown on a line."

Do you see the scale line on this map?

So looking at this map, we can see that it's a map of the state of Pennsylvania, and the states surrounding Pennsylvania.

In the corner, there's a map key.

And the map key tells us what the symbols on the map represent.

So on this map, the airplane is for the airport.

The star is for the capital city.

The tree is for the forest.

The gray line is for the road.

The blue area is the water.

And then we have the map scale.

So every distance on this map that measures this distance equals 50 miles.

If you wanted to travel 50 miles, that would take you about an hour to drive in a car.

"How far is it?

The scale has numbers.

They show what distance the line stands for."

So on this map scale, this distance measures or equals 200 miles.

And on this map scale, this distance measures or equals 40 feet.

So notice that a map scale can be in different units.

This one's in miles, and this one's in feet.

So a map scale is a part of a map.

So we wanna add this over here on our chart that says parts of a map.

Look at this map scale.

One inch stands for one mile.

Let's take a closer look at this map key.

So on this map key, the airplane is for the airport.

The trees represent the park.

The bell tells us where the school is.

And here's our map scale.

This distance is one mile.

We're gonna be using a ruler to measure the map scales, and also the distances between symbols on the maps.

When we're using a ruler to measure, we're gonna start over here with this side, which is zero, and most map skills are about an inch.

So for an inch, we're gonna measure over to this one where there's the long line, that's the one inch mark.

Some map scales would be half an inch.

So a half an inch on the ruler would be this line in between the zero and the one.

So we wanna measure this.

And if we measure this, we can see that this line is one inch.

So using this map scale, every inch on the map would equal one mile.

So we wanna go ahead and add this map key as another part of a map.

"Measure the distance.

Some maps cover small spaces.

This zoo map covers a small space.

The scale stands for a short distance.

One inch is the same as 20 feet."

So on this map, we have a map key down at the bottom.

It shows us that the bird cage is the bird house.

This brown building is the giraffe house.

The water with the ice in it is where the polar bears' pool is.

And then the brick house is the reptile house.

Now let's look at the map scale, and let's measure that.

And it's one inch.

So on this map, every inch is gonna measure 20 feet.

Let's use the map scale to make some measurements on this map.

So let's measure from the polar bears' pool to the giraffe house.

Notice when I do that, it looks like it's about two inches.

And our map scale says every inch is 20 feet.

So that would be 20, 40 feet, from the polar bear pool to the giraffe house.

Let's try from the polar bear pool to the reptile house.

All right, that one looks like we have an inch and a half.

So one inch is 20, and a half inch is 10.

So it'll be 30 feet from the polar bear pool to the reptile house.

Look at this campground map.

One inch is the same as 10 feet.

So let's locate our map scale.

There it is.

Let's measure with a ruler.

Yep, one inch is the same as 10 feet on the map.

Now let's look at the map key, and figure out what these things are.

So this, it says where the campfire is.

This is the picnic table.

The blue is the pool, and the purple are the tents.

So there's two tents.

So we used our map scale to figure out the distance, and we used our map key to figure out what the symbols represent.

"Use a ruler to measure the distance.

So we wanna use the symbols to figure out a distance between the pool and the picnic table.

So they have a ruler on here that shows that that's a measurement of three inches.

And we know that each inch is 10 feet.

So that would be 10, 20, 30, 30 feet from the pool to the picnic table.

We can go back up here to this map, and try a few other measurements.

Let's try the campfire to the picnic table.

We wanna know how far of a distance it is once we roast our hot dogs and marshmallows to get it to the picnic table.

So using our ruler, looks like it's about two inches.

So 10, 20, 20 feet from the campfire to the picnic table.

Let's measure from the pool to our tent.

So from the pool to the tent is also two inches or 20 feet.

I'm gonna go ahead and add this map to our parts of a map poster, just so that we can see how the map scale and the map key work together.

"Some maps cover big spaces.

The scale stands for a big distance.

Look at this scale.

Colorado is about 250 miles from Nevada."

If we find our map scale, and we measure it, this is a small map scale.

It's only a half inch, and it tells us that a half an inch is 250 miles.

So if we wanted to measure a whole inch, we would have to do 250 miles twice, or 500 miles.

Let's see what they were saying, Colorado, which is right there, is about 250 miles, so Colorado is this yellow state, and Nevada is the blue state.

And so it's about a half an inch apart, or 250 miles.

A world map covers a very big distance.

This scale measures 2,000 miles.

So you can see with the arrow where that map scale is on this world map.

Look at a map next time you go somewhere.

How far will you travel?

A map scale can show you the distance.

Words we need to know, map, number, for the distance on the map scale.

We might need a ruler, and we need to recognize a map scale.

Let's try it.

This is a map of a town.

Look at the map scale.

How far is the park from the school?

How far is the airport from the school?

You can use a ruler to measure the distance.

So let's try it.

We find our map scale, and we use our ruler.

We can see that that's about one inch, and it says that the one inch equals one mile.

So we have the airport with the airplane.

The trees are for the park, and the bell is for the school.

So let's see, it says, how far is the park from the school?

So if we measure the park from the school, looks like that's about one inch, or one mile.

How far is the airport from the school?

The airport from the school is also about one inch or one mile.

Let's try the park to the airport.

The park to the airport is one, two and a half, two and a half inches.

So that would be how far?

That's right, two and a half miles.

Let's go back and answer our two big questions.

First, what are the parts of a map?

So we read in our book today that a map has a map scale to help us to measure the distances from place to place.

And it has a map key to help us to know what the symbols on the map represent.

I'd like your help to answer our second big question.

How can a map help me describe where I live.

So go ahead and turn and talk to the person next to you, and answer that question.

And if you're by yourself, you can just say your answer out loud.

Thank you for sharing your answers.

I heard three really good answers, and I went ahead and I wrote those down.

So our question was, how can a map help me describe where I live?

The first thing I heard you say was a map can show the neighborhood, city, or state that I live in.

So you could use a map to see where you live, or to show someone where you live.

The second thing I heard was it can show how far things are from where I live.

So if you wanna find a distance from where you live to another place, you can use a map scale, and figure that out.

The last thing I heard you say was, it can help someone find or get to where I live.

So that's right, we use maps to find different places, or in this case, to help someone find where you live.

Scholars, see if you can find a map that shows where you live, and use the map scale to see if you can figure out the distance from where you live to school, from where you live to a friend's house, or from where you live to another state.

Thank you so much for learning with us today, scholars, I'll see you next time Read, Write, ROAR.

- [Narrator] This program is made possible in part by the Michigan Department of Education, the state of Michigan, and the W.K.

Kellogg Foundation.

Additional support by, and by viewers like you, thank you.

(upbeat music)